Effect of Tongdu Tiaoshen electroacupuncture pretreatment on PPARγ-mediated pyroptosis of cerebral cortex in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of Tongdu Tiaoshen (promoting the circulation of the governor vessel and regulating the spirit) electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on pyroptosis mediated by peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) of the cerebral cortex in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) and explore the potential mechanism of EA for the prevention and treatment of CIRI.@*METHODS@#A total of 110 clean-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group, an EA group, an EA + inhibitor group and an agonist group, 22 rats in each group. In the EA group, before modeling, EA was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20), "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Dazhui" (GV 14), with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/5 Hz in frequency, 1 to 2 mA in intensity, lasting 20 min; once a day, consecutively for 7 days. On the base of the intervention as the EA group, on the day 7, the intraperitoneal injection with the PPARγ inhibitor, GW9662 (10 mg/kg) was delivered in the EA + inhibitor group. In the agonist group, on the day 7, the PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone hydrochloride (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. At the end of intervention, except the sham-operation group, the modified thread embolization method was adopted to establish the right CIRI model in the rats of the other groups. Using the score of the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), the neurological defect condition of rats was evaluated. TTC staining was adopted to detect the relative cerebral infarction volume of rat, TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis of cerebral cortical nerve cells and the transmission electron microscope was used to observe pyroptosis of cerebral cortical neural cells. The positive expression of PPARγ and nucleotide-binding to oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the cerebral cortex was detected with the immunofluorescence staining. The protein expression of PPARγ, NLRP3, cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-1 (caspase-1), gasdermin D (GSDMD) and GSDMD-N terminal (GSDMD-N) in the cerebral cortex was detected with Western blot. Using the quantitative real-time fluorescence-PCR, the mRNA expression of PPARγ, NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD of the cerebral cortex was detected. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in the cerebral cortex of rats were determined by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham-operation group, the mNSS, the relative cerebral infarction volume and the TUNEL positive cells rate were increased (P<0.01), pyroptosis was severe, the protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD were elevated (P<0.01); and the protein expression of GSDMD-N and contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were increased (P<0.01) in the model group. When compared with the model group, the mNSS, the relative cerebral infarction volume and the TUNEL positive cells rate were decreased (P<0.01), pyroptosis was alleviated, the protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARγ were increased (P<0.01), the protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD were decreased (P<0.01), the protein expression of GSDMD-N was reduced (P<0.01); and the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were lower (P<0.01) in the EA group and the agonist group; while, in the EA + inhibitor group, the protein expression of PPARγ was increased (P<0.01), the protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 and GSDMD were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the mRNA expression of caspase-1 was reduced (P<0.01); and the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were lower (P<0.01). When compared with the EA + inhibitor group, the mNSS, the relative cerebral infarction volume and the TUNEL positive cells rate were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), pyroptosis was alleviated, the protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARγ were increased (P<0.01), the protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD were decreased (P<0.01), the protein expression of GSDMD-N was reduced (P<0.01); and the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were declined (P<0.01) in the EA group. Compared with the agonist group, in the EA group, the relative cerebral infarction volume and the TUNEL positive cells rate were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mRNA expression of PPARγ was decreased (P<0.01) and the protein expression of GSDMD-N was elevated (P<0.05); and the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were higher (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Tongdu Tiaoshen EA pretreatment can attenuate the neurological impairment in the rats with CIRI, and the underlying mechanism is related to the up-regulation of PPARγ inducing the inhibition of NLRP3 in the cerebral cortex of rats so that pyroptosis is affected.

Professor HAN Wei's clinical experience of acupuncture and moxibustion with Tongyang Xingshen for adolescent depressive disorder / 中国针灸

Professor HAN Wei 's clinical experience of acupuncture and moxibustion with Tongyang Xingshen (promoting yang and regaining consciousness) for adolescent depressive disorder is introduced. It is believed that the internal causes of adolescent depressive disorder are mostly emotional and physical factors, while the external causes are mainly social factors, and yang-qi stagnation and emotional disorder are the key pathogenesis. The key of acupuncture and moxibustion with Tongyang Xingshen is warming and regulating the governor vessel. The governor vessel acupoints at head, neck and back are selected. At head, Baihui (GV 20) and Yintang (GV 24+) are selected; at neck, Fengfu (GV 16) and Dazhui (GV 14) are selected; at back, Taodao (GV 13), Shenzhu (GV 12), Shendao (GV 11), Zhiyang (GV 9) and Jinsuo (GV 8) are selected. The combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation should be highly valued, and the moxibustion with Tongyang and acupuncture with Xingshen should be used simultaneously, and the strong stimulation is suggested.

Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture combined with carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery stenosis: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture combined with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and simple CEA on carotid artery stenosis (CAS).@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with CAS were randomized into an observation group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off). Both groups were treated with eversion CEA (eCEA). The conventional treatment of internal medicine and antiplatelet drugs i.e. aspirin enteric-coated tablet and clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate tablet were given in the control group for 4 weeks. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Fengfu (GV 16), Yamen (GV 15), cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2), Dazhui (GV 14), etc. in the observation group, once a day, 1-day rest was taken after 6-day treatment, 2 weeks were as one course and totally 2 courses were required. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) before and after treatment was detected by ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, the TCM symptom score was compared before and after treatment and in the follow-up of 6 months after treatment, the clinical efficacy was evaluated in the two groups. The occurrence of endpoints within 1 year was recorded.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the carotid IMT and TCM symptom scores were decreased compared before treatment in the both groups (P<0.05), and the changes in the observation group were greater than the control group (P<0.05). In the follow-up, the TCM symptom scores were decreased compared before treatment in the both groups (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 96.4% (27/28) in the observation group, which was superior to 88.9% (24/27) in the control group (P<0.05). There were 1 case of stoke in the observation group and 2 cases of stroke in the control group within 1-year follow-up, and there was no significant difference in the number of endpoints between the two groups within 1 year (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture combined with CEA can effectively reduce the IMT in patients with CAS, improve the TCM symptom score, the efficacy is superior to simple CEA treatment.

Three-dimensional structure of beads self-assembled by cyclodextrin using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography / 药学学报

Beads, a novel drug delivery system self-assembled by cyclodextrins (CDs) and oil, has potential applications in the solidification of oil drugs and improving the bioavailability of lipid-soluble drugs. However, very few researches were dedicated to the mechanism of beads formation. In this study, three-dimensional structures of beads were visualized and investigated using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT). The structural changes of beads attributed by drying process were analyzed and confirmed via visualization results of SR-μCT. Productively, it was proposed that Pickering emulsion droplets obtained during beads formation process were spatially localized orderly. Moreover, the effects of loading lipid soluble drug, namely, vitamin K1, on the structural changes of beads were also analyzed. It is well known that the surface tension of oil phase could be changed by the addition of lipid soluble constituents. It was reasonable that the three-dimensional structure of beads might be altered during the drug loading of vitamin K1 into the beads. However, although the morphologies of beads were changed to some extent, the ordered Pickering emulsion droplets during the process of beads formation was successfully illustrated based on the SR-μCT results. Conclusively, according to the three-dimensional structural analysis of the beads, this study revealed the organized architecture for Pickering emulsion droplet assembly and beads formation in cyclodextrin semi-inclusion complex, which significantly complements the formation mechanism of beads, and provides a structural basis for the further study of beads.

Exploration of Building Large Public Hospitals into Internet Hospitals / 医学信息学杂志

Taking building the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University into Internet hospital as an example,the paper expatiates on the significance,detailed scheme of building public hospitals into networked hospitals,including aspects like business process,system architecture,management and application,pointing out that the building of Internet hospital is able to promote the reasonable utilization of quality medical resources.

Effect of FCGR3A Polymorphisms on Antibody-dependent Cetuximab-mediated Cytotoxicity in A549 Cells / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of FCGR3A polymorphisms on the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity induced by cetuximab against A549 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A549 cell line was used as target cells and NKTm cells as effector cells. FCGR3A polymorphisms were detected by direct sequencing. The ADCC activity mediated by cetuximab was assessed by CCK-8 assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three genotypes of FCGR3A were detected:V/V,V/F,and F/F. The ADCC activity of NKTm cells with these three different genotypes mediated by cetuximab were significantly different (P=0.0015). NKTm cells with FCGR3A-158V/V genotypes had significantly higher ADCC activity than FCGR3A-V/F or F/F genotypes (P<0.01),whereas the ADCC activity between V/F and F/F genotype showed no statistical significance(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FCGR3A polymorphisms have an impact on ADCC activity mediated by cetuximab in NKTm cells.</p>

Role of epidermal growth factor receptor expression level in cetuximab cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity effect against A549 lung cancer cell line / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression level in cetuximab cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effect against A549 lung cancer cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A549 cell line and NKTm cells were used as the target cell and the effector cell, respectively. pEGFR-EGFP plasmids were transfected into A549 cells by nucleofector method. EGFR expression levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. The ADCC activity induced by cetuximab was assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A549 cells transfected with pEGFR-EGFP plasmids expressed higher level of EGFR protein on membrane and were more sensitive to ADCC activity mediated by cetuximab (P<0.05). The inhibition rate of A549 cells showed no significant difference between transfection group and wild-type group when treated with cetuximab alone (P> 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGFR expression level influences the sensitivity of A549 lung cancer cell line to ADCC activity mediated by cetuximab but not to cetuximab alone.</p>

Changes of lymphocyte subsets before and after chemotherapy in colorectal carcinoma patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the change of lymphocyte subsets before and after chemotherapy in colorectal carcinoma patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets from 62 colorectal carcinoma patients before and after FOLFOX4(including oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin) , FOLFRI(including irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin) , or XELOX(including oxaliplatin and capecitabine) regimen chemotherapy were examined by flow cytometry.The differences of these lymphocyte subsets were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After chemotherapy, the percentages of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), CD29(+), CD4(+)CD29(+), and CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in peripheral blood of colorectal carcinoma patients increased significantly, while the percentages of CD19(+) and human leukocyte antigen(locus) DR(HLA-DR) (+) cells decreased significantly(P<0.05) .The results of subgroup analysis showed that the patients' CD3(+)CD8(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+) cells increased significantly, CD19(+) and HLA-DR(+) cells decreased significantly after FOLFOX4 regimen chemotherapy(P<0.05) ;CD3(+)CD8(+) cells increased significantly and CD19(+) cells decreased significantly after XELOX regimen chemotherapy(P<0.05) ;while after FOLFRI regimen chemotherapy, there were no significant changes in all 21 lymphocyte subsets(P>0.05) . CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), memory T lymphoctye(45RO(+)) , and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cells increased significantly(P<0.05) in patients who received no more than 4 cycles of chemotherapy. However, in patients that received 5 to 8 cycles and more than 9 cycles chemotherapy, we only found significant decrease of HLADR(+) cells and significant increase of CD29(+) cells, respectively(P<0.05) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The humoral immunity is attenuated after chemotherapy in colorectal carcinoma patients. FOLFOX4 may suppress the cellular immunity.Chemotherapy that is less than 4 cycles will strengthens the cellular immunity by modulating body immunity arrangement;however, along with the increase of chemotherapy cycles, the cellular immunity gradually declines in these patients.</p>

Precautionary study on acupuncture pretreatment for stroke at the early stage / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinical efficacy of acupuncture pretreatment for the prevention of stroke based on promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel and regulating mentality, and explore its effect mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy cases of transient ischemic attack (TIA) were randomized into an acupuncture group (35 cases) and a western medicine group (35 cases). In the acupuncture group, acupuncture therapy of promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel and regulating mentality was applied at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Zhiyang (GV 9), Shenzhu (GV 12), Dazhui (GV 14), Yamen (GV 15), Fengfu (GV 16), Baihui (GV 20) and Neck-Jiaji (EX-B 2). Acupuncture was given 6 times a week, at the interval of one day between two weeks. Totally, 21 days of treatment were taken as a session. In the western medicine group, aspirin enteric coated tablets were prescribed, 25 mg/tablet, 100 mg/day, once a night for oral administration, and 21 days of medication were taken as 1 session. There were 3 days at the interval between two sessions in each group and totally 2 sessions were required. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was adopted before treatment and in two sessions of treatment to observe, mean flow velocity (Vm) of middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA), basilar arte ry (BA) and pulsatility index (PI). The standard of the efficacy assessment of stroke aura was taken as the main efficacy index in the assessment of theraputic effect, the adverse reaction was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1In TIA, MCA blood flow was accelerated in internal carotid system, and BA blood flow was accelerated in vertebral-basilar artery system. The treatments in the two groups enabled the blood flow in the responsible blood vessels slow down and the results in the acupuncture group L(60. 54+/-11.76)cm/s, (36. 17+/-8. 65)cm/s] were better than those in the western medicine group [(72. 34+/-9. 15)cm/s,(65. 23 +/-8. 99)cm/s] (P<O. 05). 2The results of clinical efficacy and adverse reactions in the acupuncture group [96. 77% (30/31),6. 45% (2/31)] were superior to the western medicine group [75. 76%(25/33),45. 46%(15/33)] (both P<0. 05). 3Concerning to the recurrence of disease at the different period after treatment, the case number of cerebral infarction was not different significantly between the two groups (P>0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture intervention based on promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel and regulating mentality achieves the superior efficacy on TIA and less adverse reactions as compared with aspirin. The effect mechanism is related potentially to the improvement of cerebral vascular hemodynamic.</p>

Association between folate intake, serum folate levels and the risk of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Folate plays a critical role in nucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation, and was considered to be associated with anti-carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>from studies that concern the relationship between the folate intake or serum folate levels and lung cancer risk showed no consistency, which requires our further comprehensive meta-analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Systematic literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies (published prior to February 2013) according to standard protocol. Estimated effects were calculated under both random-effects and fixed-effects models. Heterogeneity between studies and publication bias were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 4390 cases and 6138 controls from 6 case-control studies revealed a significant overall inverse association between folate intake and lung cancer risk (OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.65 - 0.84, P < 0.001). Summary of 1438 cases and 2582 controls from 4 case-control studies and 44 cases out of a cohort of 1988 participants suggested a marginal association without significance (OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.60 - 1.02, P = 0.075) between high serum folate levels and less lung cancer susceptibility; however, subgroup analysis about population-based case-control studies showed that high serum folate levels significantly associated with the reduced lung cancer risk (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.58 - 1.00, P = 0.048).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Higher folate intake can be a protective factor against lung cancer risk, and higher serum folate level is probably associated with reduced lung cancer risk in marginal manner, though more studies are warranted to confirm these associations.</p>

Expression of CD4(+) and IL-17, Foxp3 in non-small cell lung cancer and their correlation with microvessel density / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of CD4(+), IL-17 and Foxp3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their relationship with microvessel density (MVD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of CD4(+), IL-17, Foxp3, CD31 and CD34 in the cancer tissues of 102 NSCLC cases were detected by immunohistochemisty. The relationship among the expressions of CD4(+), IL-17, Foxp3 and MVD was analyzed. The count data were analyzed using χ(2) test. The measurement data were analyzed using single-factor analysis of variance, and significance level α = 0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the factors affecting CD31 expression, there was a statistically significant difference between the strong positive Foxp3 expression (++) and negative (-) and positive expressions (+) in the NSCLC cancer tissues (P < 0.05), and between the expressions in stage I and III cancer tissues (P < 0.05). Among the factors affecting CD34 expression, there was a significant difference between positive IL-7 expression (+) and strong positive IL-7 expression (++) (P < 0.05), between negative Foxp3 expression (-) and strong positive Foxp3 expression (++) (P < 0.05), and between the CD34 expressions in stage I and III and between those in stage II and III NSCLC cancer tissues (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CD4, IL-17and Foxp3 may be involved in the tumor suppression caused by host immune response, and are related with the NSCLC invasion and metastasis.</p>

Construction and biological assessment of tissue engineering intervertebral disc / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transformed by nucleus pulposus (NPs) for construction of tissue engineering disc.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BM-MSCs and fetal NPs were cultured in vitro, planted on polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), and observed with inverted microscope and scanning electronic microscope. PLGA scaffolds with adherent BM-MSCs and NPs, as well as BM-MSCs and NPs suspension were implanted into intervertebral discs of New Zealand white rabbits, respectively. Intervertebral signal intensity was evaluated by Thompson grading 12 weeks later. Proteoglycan and type IIcollagen were determined by spectrophotometric method and immunohistochemistry, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Spindle or multi-angular BM-MSCs turned into fibro-like phenotype coculture of BM-MSCs and NPs, which grew well with normal morphology when they attached on PLGA scaffolds. There was statistical difference in intervertebral signal intensity, and the expression of proteoglycan and type IIcollagen between PLGA scaffolds group and control group (P < 0.05), the content of proteoglycan was (3.93 ± 0.31) mg/100 mg in the PLGA scaffolds group whereas (3.52 ± 0.26) mg/100 mg in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BM-MSCs can be induced into NPs by cocultivation, and PLGA scaffolds can provide good growing conditions, and maintain high mechanical properties and spacial structure which meet the requirement of tissue engineering disc to prevent degeneration.</p>

Using cell membrane chromatography and HPLC-TOF/MS method for in vivo study of active components from roots of Aconitum carmichaeli / 药物分析学报

An offline two-dimensional system combining a rat cardiac mascle cell membrane chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry （CMC-TOF/MS） with a high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry （HPLC-TOF/MS） was established for investigating the parent components and metabolites in rat urine samples after administration of the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. On the basis of the analysis of the first dimension, retention components of the urine sample were collected into 30 fractions （one fraction per minute）. Then offline analysis of the second dimension was carried out. 34 compounds including 24 parent alkaloids and 10 potential metabolites were identified from the dosed rat urine, and then binding affinities of different compounds on cell membranes were compared and influences of some functional groups on activity were estimated with the semi-quantification and curve fitting method. As a result, binding affinities decreased along with the process of deacylation, debenzoylation and demethylation, which may be related to the alleviation of toxicity in the procedure of herb processing or metabolism. Moreover, some minor components in rat urine （Songorine, 14-benzoylneoline, Deoxyaconitine, etc. ） exerted relatively strong affinity on cell membranes are worth exploring. The results delivered by the system suggest that the CMC can be applied to in vivo study.

The feasibility study of estimating energy consumption in photoselective vaporization of prostate based on the volume of prostate / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the feasibility of estimating energy consumption of green laser in photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP) based on the preoperative volume of prostate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to January 2007, 260 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) had been treated with PVP. Preoperative prostatic volume and post-two-weeks-operative prostatic volume of each patient were measured by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Energy consumption and emission time of green laser were recorded during the operation. Then we calculated the amount of energy consumption needed in vaporizing one gramme prostatic tissue, evaluated the correlation of energy consumption and preoperative volume of prostate by means of correlation-regression analysis, and established its regression equation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amount of energy consumption needed in vaporizing one gramme prostatic tissue was (6.9 ± 0.6)kJ. The correlation of energy consumption and preoperative volume of prostate was significantly positive linear correlated. Its regression equation was: Energy Consumption (kJ) = 4.7 x Preoperative Volume of Prostate (cm³) - 14.1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is feasible to estimate energy consumption of green laser in PVP based on preoperative volume of prostate.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of disc herniation at cervical vertebra 7-thoracic vertebra 1 (C(7)-T(1)) / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the outcome of laminoforaminotomy with posterolateral discectomy for patients with lateral disc herniation at C(7)-T(1).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2000 to August 2008, 12 patients with lateral disc herniation at C(7)-T(1) underwent posterolateral discectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Neurologic function were evaluated with the Motor Scoring System. Preoperative motor were compared with postoperative one. The unique clinical manifestation, imageology features and intraoperative findings were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All these twelve patients were lateral type. All the patients showed hand intrinsic muscles atrophy and hand weakness. Nine patients had no paraesthesia. The average follow-up period was 26 months. Postoperative scores were significantly higher than preoperative ones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Disc herniation at C(7)-T(1) is predominantly lateral type and present C(8) nerve motor deficit (hand intrinsic muscles atrophy and hand weakness) and only minority has paraesthesia in C(8) nerve dermatome. Posterolateral cervical discectomy technique is safe and effective for patients with lateral disc herniation at C(7)-T(1).</p>

Difference in time-course of relaxant effect of rocuronium between patients of Uygur and Han nationalities / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the time-course of relaxant effect of rocuronium between patients of Uygur and Han nationalities.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (15 Uygur nationality,15 Han nationality) of both sexes,aged 20-55 yr weighing 45-73 kg were divided into 2 groups (n=15 each):group U Uygur nationality and group H Han nationality.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,propofol,fentanyl and suxamethonium chloride.Tracheal intubation was performed and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Recuronium 0.6mg/kg was then given iv.Neuromuscular function was monitored with acceleromyograph using single stimulation of the ulna nerve.The onset time (time from injection of recuronium to maximal paralysis),nonresponse time (duration of maximal twitch depression),clinical duration (time required for the twitch to return to 25% of control height after injection of initial dose),75%recovery time (time for twitch to return to 75%of control height after injection of initial dose) and recovery index (time for twitch height to return from 25% to 75% of control height) were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the onset time between the two nationalities.The time of nonresponse period,clinical duration and 75% recovery time were significantly shorter in Uygur patients than in Han patients.Recovery index was significantly shorter in Uygur patients.Conclusion There is a significant difference in the time-course of muscle relaxant effect of recuronium between Uygur and Han nationalities.The influence of nationality on recommended dosage of recuronimn should be considered.

Efficacy and safety of chemotherapy combined with interstitial (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy in unresectable stage IIIa/IIIb non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy combined with insterstitial (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy in unresectable staged IIIa/IIIb non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy six patients with staged IIIa/IIIb non-small cell lung cancer were included in this study. Among them 37 cases were of the study group, treated with NP/GP scheme synchronization chemotherapy combined with (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy, while 39 cases in the control group were given NP/GP scheme chemotherapy. The cumulative survival time and median survival time of the two groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The difference of mean survival time between the two groups was analyzed by log-rank method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study group and the control group achieved a total response rate of 56.8% and 30.8%, local control rate of 78.4% and 56.4%, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The 1-year survival rates of the study group and control group were 66.7% and 45.3%, and the median survival times 15.4 and 11.5 months, respectively, with a significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). The total chemotherapy toxicity rate of the two groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy shows a low complication rate, acceptable toxicity, and good therapeutic effectiveness, and is an effective and satisfactory therapeutic modality in the management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.</p>

Association between HPV infection and HLA-DQB1 alleles polymorphism in the cervical carcinogenesis in Uyghur women in southern Xinjiang / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between HPV infection and HLA-DQB1 alleles polymorphism in the cervical carcinogenesis in Uyghur women in southern Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one subtypes of HPV and the 5 alleles of HLA-DQB1 were detected from cervical tissues of 190 cervical cancer cases and 190 normal subjects by flow-through hybridization and gene chip (HybriMax) assay and polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide technique (PCR-SSO).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The positive rate of HPV in cervical cancer and control groups were 70.0% and 8.9%, respectively. HPV16 was the most common type in HPV positive cervical cancer patients with a rate of 64.7%, followed by HPV18 (2.6%), HPV68 (2.1%), HPV45 (1.6%), HPV58 (1.6%), HPV39 (1.6%), HPV31 (1.1%), HPV56 (1.1%), HPV59 (0.5%), HPV53 (0.5%) and HPV6 (0.5%), respectively. The positive rates of HPV and HPV16 in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than that in the control group. (2) The frequency of HLA-DQB1*03 was significantly lower than that in the control group (OR = 0.683, 95%CI = 0.505 - 0.923). The frequency of other HLA alleles had no significant differences between the cervical cancer group and the control group. (3) In the cervical cancer group, the frequency of HLA-DQB1*06 in both HPV positive and HPV16 positive cases were significantly higher than that in both the HPV and HPV16 negative cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV16 is the most common type in both the cervical cancer and control groups. It appears that HLA-DQB1*03 may be a protective gene in the cervical carcinogenesis in southern Xinjiang Uyghur women, and the HLA-DQB1*06 is a susceptibility gene to HPV/HPV16 infection in Uyghur women. The study of HLA alleles in the cervical carcinogenesis in Uyghur women may play an important role in the intervention research of cervical cancer.</p>

Survey on knowledge, attitude and practices in asthmatic children's parents in Beijing / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) concerning asthma in parents of children with asthma and the related factors.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Questionnaire survey was conducted by using the multi-center research methods in twenty hospitals with asthmatic clinic or pediatric clinic in Beijing from August to October in 2008. The investigation focused on Beijing permanent residents with children who have been diagnosed as asthma for more than 6 months.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Totally 390 parents of asthmatic children were investigated among whom 351 provided valid questionnaires, the response rate reached 90.0%; 75.2% of the parents knew that the nature of asthma is a chronic allergic airway inflammatory disease; 54.4% of parents think that even if the child is in a state of asthma control he/she can participate in only mild exercise; 88.4% of parents consider that the long-term use of inhaled corticosteroid would have a mild effect on growth and development of children. Of the asthmatic children, 32.5% adhered to use inhaled corticosteroid prescription; 47.2% adhered to use leukotriene receptor modulator; 45.3% of parents of children with acute asthma attack will add antibiotics; 18.1% of parents would choose short-acting beta2-agonist. The multi-factors Logistic regression suggested that the parents' educational background and the frequency of referral in children with asthma under control may have an influences on the parents' KAP (P < 0.05, OR > 1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The general understanding of asthma in asthmatic children's parents in Beijing area is good, the higher the parents' educational background and revisit frequency of asthmatic children whose disease is under control, the better the Parents' KAP.</p>

Clinical outcome of adjuvant chemotherapy plus intensity modulated radiotherapy after breust-con-serving surgery / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy plus in-tensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after breast-conserving surgery for stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ breast cancer.Methods After breast-conserving surgery, 108 patients received six cycles of chemotherapy followed by IM-RT. The irradiation dose of the whole breast was 50 Gy given by 25 fractions, followed by 10 Gy boost to the tumor bed given by 5 fractions with electron beams. Patients with positive estrone receptor or progesterone re-ceptor were given endocrine treatment, mostly with tamoxifen. Results The follow-up rate was 100% by December 2007. The number of patients followed-up at 1-, 2- and 3-year was 108,88 and 58. The 1-, 2- and 3-year over survival rates were 100% ,100% and 98%. Three patients had local recurrence. Different degree of dermatitis occurred with good long-term cosmetic results. No severe side effects occurred such as radiation-induced pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis and heart injury. Conclusions Breast cancer patients treated by adjuvant chemotherapy plus IMRT after breast-conserving surgery have high survival rate and low side-effect rate. The survival quality and local control can be improved.